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Positivism in Poland
Positivism in Poland was a socio-cultural movement that defined progressive thought in literature and social sciences of partitioned Poland, following the suppression of the 1863 January Uprising against the occupying army of Imperial Russia. The Positivist period lasted until the turn of the 20th century, and the advent of the modernist Young Poland movement.〔Czesław Miłosz, ( ''The History of Polish Literature'', pp. 281–321. ) "Positivism." ''University of California Press'', 1983. ISBN 0-520-04477-0. Retrieved October 10, 2011.〕
==Overview==
In the aftermath of the 1863 Uprising, many Poles began to voice an opinion that further attempts at regaining independence from the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Austria-Hungary, by force of arms, should be abandoned. Along with polemics which questioned the wisdom of resistance, published between 1868–1873 in the ''Weekly Review'' (Przegląd tygodniowy) and ''Truth'' (Prawda), they – often reluctantly and only partially – set aside the style of the languishing Polish Romantic period.〔
Polish "Positivism" drew its name from the philosophy of Auguste Comte. Much of its ideology was inspired by the works of British scholars and scientists including Herbert Spencer and John Stuart Mill. The Polish Positivists advocated the exercise of reason before emotion. They believed that independence, if it is to be regained, must be won gradually, by "building from the foundations" (creating a material infrastructure and educating the public) and through organic work that would enable Polish society to function as a fully integrated ''social organism'' (a concept borrowed from Herbert Spencer).〔Czesław Miłosz, ''The History of Polish Literature'', pp. 283–84.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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